As a chemical family, the triazines are a group of pesticides with a wide range of uses. Most are used in selective weed control programs; others, such as prometon, have nonselective properties which make them suitable for use on industrial sites. A unique member of this family is cyromazine, which is an insect growth regulator. It is used in livestock, vegetable, and ornamental applications by interfering with insect molting and pupation. As herbicides, the triazines may be used alone or in combination with other herbicide active ingredients to increase the weed control spectrum. They are inhibitors of electron transport in photosynthesis. Tolerant plants are capable of metabolizing the active ingredient, whereas susceptible plants do not. Triazines are some of the oldest herbicides, with research initiated on their weed control properties during the early 1950s. As a family, their chemical structures are heterocyclic, composed of carbon and nitrogen in their rings. Most, except for metribuzin, are symmetrical with their altering carbon and nitrogen atoms. Herbicide members of this family include atrazine, hexazinone, metribuzin, prometon, prometryn, and simazine. Atrazine is widely used in corn, and was estimated to have been the most often-used pesticide in the U.S. during the late 1990s. Other atrazine uses include selective weed control in turfgrass, sugarcane, sweet corn, and sorghum. Some of its uses are classified as restricted because of ground and surface water concerns. Hexazinone is used primarily in alfalfa, pastures, pine plantations, rights-of-way, and other industrial sites. Because of its different chemical properties, metribuzin has different use patterns from the other triazine herbicides. It is used in soybean and some vegetables for selective control of broadleaf weeds. Prometryn is labeled for use in Florida on cotton, celery, and several other specialty vegetables. Simazine has the most crops and sites labeled for use of the triazines and simazine is commonly used in citrus weed control programs in Florida. Some specific uses of simazine, such as on grapes and certain berries, are classified as restricted. Product formulations of the triazine pesticides vary widely.
Allyl chloride is almost exclusively used in the production of epichlorohydrin, a basic building block for epoxy resins and the synthesis of glycerol, although it is also an intermediate in the synthesis of various pesticides, pharmaceuticals, adhesives, and personal-care products.
Pesticide Synthesis Handbook Pdfl
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